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With a population of 1, inhabitants as of 31 July[4] it is the third-largest city in Germanyafter Berlin and Hamburgand thus the largest which does not constitute its own state, as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union.
The city's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people. Straddling the banks of the River Isar a tributary of the Danube north of the Bavarian Alpsit is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavariasingle grafenau, while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany 4, people per km 2. Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect areaafter the Austrian capital of Vienna.
The city was single grafenau mentioned in Catholic Munich strongly resisted the Reformation and was a political point of divergence during single grafenau resulting Thirty Years' Warbut remained physically untouched despite an occupation by the Protestant Swedes. Induring the German Revolutionthe ruling house of Single grafenausingle grafenau, which had governed Bavaria sincewas forced to abdicate in Munich and a short-lived socialist republic was declared.
Single grafenau the s, Munich became home to several political factions, among them the NSDAP. After the Nazis' rise to power, Munich was declared single grafenau "Capital of the Movement". The city was heavily bombed during World War IIbut has restored most of its traditional cityscape. After the end of postwar American occupation inthere was a great increase in population and economic power during the years of Wirtschaftswunderor "economic miracle", single grafenau. The city hosted the Summer Olympics and was one of the host cities of the and FIFA World Cups.
Today, Munich is a global centre of artsingle grafenau, sciencesingle grafenau, technologyfinancepublishingcultureinnovationeducationbusinessand tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living, reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the Mercer survey, [7] and being rated the world's most liveable city by the Monocle's Quality of Life Survey Munich's economy is based on high techautomobilesthe service sector and creative industriesas well as ITbiotechnologyengineering and electronics among many others.
The city houses many multinational companies, such as BMWSiemensMANLindeAllianz and MunichRE. It is also home to two research universities, a multitude of scientific institutions, single grafenau, and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum. It derives from the monks of the Benedictine orderwho ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich.
The town is first mentioned as forum apud Munichen in the Augsburg arbitration of 14 June, by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. The name in modern German is Münchensingle grafenau, but this has been variously translated in different languages: in English, single grafenau, French, Spanish and various other languages as "Munich", in Italian as "Monaco di Baviera", in Portuguese as "Munique".
The ancient Roman road, Via Julia, which connected Augsburg and Salzburg, crossed over the Isar River south of modern-day Munich, at the towns of Baierbrunn and Gauting. In the 6th Century and beyond, single grafenau, various ethnic groups, such as the Baiuvariipopulated the area around what is now modern Munich, such as in Johanneskirchen, Feldmoching, Bogenhausen and Pasing.
The origin of the single grafenau city of Munich is the result of a power struggle between a military warlord and an influential Catholic bishop. Henry the LionDuke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria d. He ruled over vast territories in the German Holy Roman Empire from the North and Baltic Seas to the Alps. Henry wanted to expand his power in Bavaria by gaining control of the lucrative Salt Tradesingle grafenau, which the Catholic Church in Freising had under its control.
Bishop Otto von Freising d. Years earlier, exact time is unclear, but may have been in the early 10th century Benedictine monks helped build a toll bridge and a customs house over the Isar Riversingle grafenau, most likely in the modern town of Oberföhring to control the Salt Trade between Augsburg and Salzburg, which had existed since Roman times.
Henry wanted to control the toll bridge and its income for himself, so he destroyed the bridge and customs house in He then built a new toll bridge, single grafenau, customs house and a coin market closer to his home downriver, at a settlement around the area of modern oldtown Munich: Marienplatz, Marienhof and the St. Single grafenau Church. This new toll bridge most likely crossed the Isar where the Museuminsel and the modern Ludwigsbrücke is now at. Bishop Otto protested single grafenau his nephew, Emperor Frederick Barbarosa d.
However, on 14 June, single grafenau, in Augsburg, the conflict was settled in favor of Duke Henry. The Augsburg Arbitration mentions the name of the location in dispute as forum apud Munichen.
Although Bishop Otto had lost his bridge, the arbiters ordered Duke Henry to pay a third of his income to the Bishop in Freising as compensation.
Archaeological excavations at Marienhof Square near Marienplatz in advance of the expansion of the S-Bahn subway in discovered shards of vessels from the 11th century, which prove again that the settlement of Munich must be older than the Augsburg Arbitration of Peter's Church near Marienplatz is also believed to predate the founding date of the town.
In Munich received city status and fortification. Inafter Henry the Lion's fall from grace with Emperor Frederick Barbarosa, including his trial and exile, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria, and Munich was handed to the Bishop of Freising.
InMunich was transferred to Single grafenau II Wittelsbach and inwhen the Duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal residence of Upper Bavaria, single grafenau. Duke Louis IVa native of Munich, was elected German king in and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in He strengthened the city's position by granting it the salt monopoly, thus assuring it of additional income.
on 13 February, a large fire broke out in Munich that lasted two days and destroyed about a third of the town. Single grafenau the Black Death ravaged Munich and Bavaria. In the 15th century, Munich underwent a revival of Gothic arts : the Old Town Hall was enlarged, and Munich's largest Gothic church — the Frauenkirche single grafenau now a cathedral, was constructed in only single grafenau years, starting in When Bavaria was reunited in after a brief war against the Duchy of Landshutsingle grafenau, Munich became its capital.
The arts and single grafenau became increasingly influenced by the court see Orlando di Lasso and Heinrich Schütz. During the 16th century, Munich was a centre of the German counter reformationsingle grafenau, and also of renaissance single grafenau. Duke Wilhelm V commissioned the Jesuit Michaelskirchewhich became a centre for the counter-reformation, single grafenau, and also built the Hofbräuhaus for brewing brown beer in The Catholic League was founded in Munich in Induring the Thirty Years' WarMunich became an electoral residence when Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria was invested with the electoral dignitybut in the city was occupied by Gustav II Adolph of Sweden.
When the bubonic plague broke out in andabout one-third of the population died. Under the regency of the Bavarian electors, Munich was an important centre of Baroque life, but also had to suffer under Habsburg occupations in and After single grafenau an alliance with Napoleonic France, the city became the capital of the new Kingdom of Bavaria in with Elector Maximillian Joseph becoming its first King, single grafenau.
The state parliament the Landtag and the new archdiocese of Munich and Freising were also located in the city. During the early to midth century, the old fortified city walls of Munich were largely demolished due to population expansion, single grafenau. Munich's annual Beer Festival, Single grafenauhas its origins from a royal wedding in October The single grafenau are now part of the 'Theresienwiese' near downtown. InLandshut University was moved to Munich. Many of the city's finest buildings belong single grafenau this period and were built under the first three Bavarian kings.
Especially Ludwig I rendered outstanding services to Munich's status as a centre of the arts, attracting numerous artists and enhancing the city's architectural substance with grand boulevards and buildings. The first Munich railway station was built inwith a line going to Augsburg in the west. By a newer Munich Central Train Station München Hauptbahnhof was completed, single grafenau, with a line going to Landshut and Regensburg in the north.
By the time Ludwig II became king inhe remained mostly aloof from his capital and focused more on his fanciful castles in the Bavarian countryside, which is why he is known the world over as the 'fairytale king'.
Nevertheless, his patronage of Richard Wagner secured his posthumous reputation, as do his castles, which still generate significant tourist income for Bavaria. Later, Prince Regent Luitpold 's years as regent were marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich, single grafenau, enhancing its status as a cultural force of global importance see Franz von Stuck and Single grafenau Blaue Reiter. Following the outbreak of World War I inlife in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages.
During French air single grafenau inthree bombs fell on Munich. In Marchthree separate aircraft-engine and automobile companies join to form 'Bayerische Motoren Werke' BMW in Munich. After World War I, single grafenau, the city was at the centre of substantial political unrest.
In Novemberon the eve of the German revolution, single grafenau, Ludwig III and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valleythe Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. When Communists took power, Leninwho single grafenau lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was ended on 3 May by the Freikorps.
While the republican government had been restored, Munich became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the National Socialists soon rose to prominence. Munich's first film studio Bavaria Film was founded in InAdolf Single grafenau and his single grafenau, who were concentrated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putschan attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power.
The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party NSDAP. The city again became important to the Nazis when they took power in Germany in The party created its first concentration camp at Dachau16 kilometres 9, single grafenau. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung "Capital of the Movement". The NSDAP headquarters were in Munich and many Führerbauten " Führer buildings" were built around the Königsplatzsome of which still survive.
In MarchMunich broadcast its first radio program. The station became ' Bayerischer Rundfunk ' in The city was the site where the Munich Agreement signed between Britain and France with Germany as part of the Franco-British policy of appeasement.
The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the German annexation of Czechoslovakia 's Sudetenland region in single grafenau hopes of satisfying Hitler's territorial expansion. The first airport in Munich was completed in Octoberin the area of Riem. The airport would remain there until it was moved closer to Freising in On November 8,shortly after the Second World War had begun, a bomb was planted in the Bürgerbräukeller in Single grafenau in a attempt to assassinte Adolf Single grafenau during a political party speech.
Hitler, single grafenau, however, had left the building minutes before the bomb went off. On its site today stands the GEMA Buildingthe Gasteig Cultural Centre and single grafenau Munich City Hilton Hotel. Munich was the base of single grafenau White Rosesingle grafenau, a student single grafenau movement from June to February The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in Munich University by Hans and Sophie Scholl.
The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing during World War IIwith 71 air raids over five years. After US occupation inMunich was completely rebuilt following a meticulous plan, which preserved its pre-war street grid.
InMunich's population surpassed one million. The city continued to play a highly significant role in the German economy, politics and culture, giving rise to its nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt "secret capital" in the decades after World War II. In Munich, Bayerischer Rundfunk began its first television broadcast in Sincesingle grafenau, Munich has been the host city for annual conferences on international security policy.
Munich also became known on the political level due to the strong influence of Bavarian politicain Franz Josef Strauss from the s to the s.
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Entfliehen Sie mit den Angeboten vom Wellness-Reisebüro wellnesshotel24 dem stressigen Alltag bei einem Wellnesswochenende oder Wellnessurlaub in exklusiven Wellnesshotels Munich (/ ˈ m juː n ɪ k / MEW-nik; German: München [ˈmʏnçn̩] (); Bavarian: Minga [ˈmɪŋ(ː)ɐ] ()) is the capital and most populous city of blogger.com a population of 1,, inhabitants as of 31 July , it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state, as well as the 11th-largest city in the · Monitoring global biodiversity from space through remotely sensing geospatial patterns has high potential to add to our knowledge acquired by field observation. Although a
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