Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Newsletter Issues. Published Jun Issue # On June 21, the Solstice marks the beginning of astronomical summer in the blogger.com two weeks later on July 5, the Earth is at its aphelion Early life and career. Rommel was born on 15 November , in Heidenheim, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Southern Germany, then part of the German blogger.com was the third of five children to Erwin Rommel Senior (–) and his wife Helene von Lutz, whose father, Karl von Luz, headed the local government council
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Johannes Erwin Eugen Rommel 15 November — 14 October was a German general and military theorist. Popularly known as the Desert Foxhe served as field marshal in the Wehrmacht armed forces of Nazi Germany during World War IIas well as serving in the Reichswehr of the Single party bielefeld 2015 Republicand the army of Imperial Germany. Rommel was a highly decorated officer in World War I and was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his actions on the Italian Front.
In he published his classic book on military tactics, single party bielefeld 2015, Infantry Attacksdrawing on his experiences in that war. In World War II, he distinguished himself as the commander of the 7th Panzer Division during the invasion of France. His leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African campaign established his reputation as one of the ablest tank commanders of the war, and earned him the nickname der Wüstenfuchs"the Desert Fox".
Among his British adversaries he had a reputation for chivalryand his phrase "war without hate" has been used to describe the North African campaign. With the Nazis gaining power in Germany, Rommel gradually came to accept the new regime, with historians giving different accounts on the specific period and his motivations. InRommel was implicated in the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler.
Because of Rommel's status as a national hero, Hitler desired to eliminate him quietly instead of immediately executing him, as many other plotters were. Rommel was given a choice between committing suicidein return for assurances that his reputation would remain intact and that his family would not be persecuted following his death, or facing a trial that would result in his disgrace and execution; he chose the former and committed suicide using a cyanide pill.
Rommel has become a larger-than-life figure in both Allied and Nazi propagandaand in postwar popular culture, with numerous authors considering him an apolitical, brilliant commander and a victim of the Third Reichalthough this assessment is contested by other authors as the Rommel myth. Rommel's reputation for conducting a clean war was used in the interest of the West German rearmament and reconciliation between the former enemies — the United Kingdom and the United States on one side and the new Federal Republic of Germany on the other.
Several of Rommel's former subordinates, notably his chief of staff Hans Speidelplayed key roles in German rearmament and integration into NATO in the postwar era.
The German Army's largest military base, the Field Marshal Rommel Barracks, Augustdorfis named in his honour. Rommel was born on 15 Novemberin Heidenheimsingle party bielefeld 2015, 45 kilometres 28 mi from Ulmin the Single party bielefeld 2015 of WürttembergSouthern Single party bielefeld 2015then part of the German Empire.
He was the third of five children to Erwin Rommel Senior — and his wife Helene von Lutz, whose father, Karl von Luzheaded the local government council. As a young man, Rommel's father had been an artillery lieutenant. Rommel had one older sister who was an art teacher and his favourite sibling, one older brother named Manfred who died in infancy and two younger brothers, of whom one became a successful dentist and the other an opera singer, single party bielefeld 2015.
At age 18 Rommel joined the Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. He returned to the th when war was declared. During World War I, Rommel fought in France as well as in single party bielefeld 2015 Romanian notably at the Second Battle of the Jiu Valley and Italian campaigns. He successfully employed the tactics of penetrating enemy lines with heavy covering fire coupled with rapid advances, as well as moving forward rapidly to a flanking position to arrive at the rear of hostile positions, to achieve tactical surprise.
In Augusthis unit was involved in the battle for Mount Cosnaa heavily fortified objective on the border between Hungary and Romania, which they took after two weeks of difficult uphill fighting. The offensive, known as the Battle of Caporettobegan on 24 October In one instance, the Italian forces, taken by surprise and believing that their lines had collapsed, single party bielefeld 2015, surrendered after a brief firefight.
Convinced that they were surrounded by an entire German division, the 1st Italian Infantry Division — 10, men — surrendered to Rommel. For this and his actions at Matajur, he received the order of Pour le Mérite.
In JanuaryRommel was promoted to Hauptmann captain and assigned to a staff position in the 64th Army Corpswhere he served for the remainder of the war, single party bielefeld 2015. Rommel remained with the th Regiment single party bielefeld 2015 October Historian Raffael Scheck [ de ] praises Rommel as a coolheaded and moderate mind, exceptional amid the many takeovers of revolutionary cities by regular and irregular units and the associated massive violence.
According to Reuth, this period gave Rommel the indelible impression that "Everyone in this Republic was fighting each other," along with the direct experience of people who attempted to convert Germany into a socialist republic on Soviet lines.
There are similarities with Hitler's experiences: like Rommel, Hitler had known the solidarity of trench warfare and then he had participated in the Reichswehr's suppression of the First and Second Bavarian Soviet Republics.
The need single party bielefeld 2015 national unity thus became a decisive legacy of the first World War, single party bielefeld 2015. On 1 October Rommel was appointed to a company command with the 13th Infantry Regiment in Stuttgart, a post he held for the next nine years. In October he was promoted to Oberstleutnant lieutenant colonel and given his next command, the 3rd Jäger Battalion, 17th Infantry Regiment, stationed at Goslar.
It became a bestseller, which, according to Scheck, later "enormously influenced" many armies of the world; [35] [42] Adolf Hitler was one of many people who owned a copy. Hearing of Rommel's reputation as an outstanding military instructor, in February Hitler assigned him as the War Ministry liaison officer to the Hitler Youth in charge of military single party bielefeld 2015. Here he clashed with Baldur von Schirachthe Hitler Youth leader, over the training that the boys should receive.
That went against Schirach's express wishes. Schirach appealed directly to Hitler; consequently, Rommel was quietly removed from the project in In OctoberHitler specially requested that Rommel be seconded to command the Führerbegleitbatallion his escort battalion. Beckett writes that by Rommel drifted towards uncritical acceptance of Nazi regime quoting Rommel's letter to his wife in which he stated "The German Wehrmacht is the sword of the new German world view" as a reaction to speech by Hitler.
During his visit to Switzerland inhe reported that Swiss soldiers who he met showed "remarkable understanding of our Single party bielefeld 2015 problem".
Despite this fact, other pieces of evidence show that he considered the Nazi racial ideologies rubbish. Rommel did not approve of Jewish clannishnesssingle party bielefeld 2015, and he was also suspicious of Jews because of the large amount of wealth which they had acquired", but he was more focused on his family and his career than he was on this particular issue [54] Searle comments that Rommel knew the official stand of the regime, but in this case, the phrase was ambiguous and there is no evidence after or before this event that he ever sympathised with the antisemitism of the Nazi movement.
According to the documentary Rommel also requested proof of "Aryan descent" from the Italian boyfriend of his illegitimate daughter Gertrud. After the Röhm Purge, he mistakenly believed that the worst was now over, although restrictions on Jewish businesses were still being imposed and agitation against their community was continuing to occur. According to Remy, Manfred Rommel recounts that his father knew about and privately disagreed with the government's anti-semitism, but by this time, he had not actively campaigned on behalf of the Jews.
They could not foresee the enormity of the impending atrocities, about which they only knew much later. At this time, Rommel supported Single party bielefeld 2015 and his nationalist rhetoric by making the following statements about Hitler: "he was called upon by God " and "[he speaks] like a prophet " [61].
Rommel was promoted to Generalmajor on 23 August and assigned as commander of the Führerbegleitbatalliontasked with guarding Hitler and his field headquarters during the invasion of Polandwhich began on 1 September. Following the campaign in Poland, Rommel began lobbying for command of one of Germany's panzer divisionsof which there were then only ten. Rommel obtained the command he aspired to, despite having been earlier turned down by the army's personnel office, which had offered him command of a mountain division instead.
Going against military protocol, this promotion added to Rommel's growing reputation as one of Hitler's favoured commanders, [74] although his later outstanding leadership in France quelled complaints about his self-promotion and political scheming.
The invasion began on 10 May By the third day Rommel and the advance elements of his division, together with a detachment of the 5th Panzer Division under Colonel Hermann Werner, had reached the Meusewhere they found the bridges had already been destroyed Guderian and Reinhardt reached the river on the same day.
Rommel brought up tanks and flak units to provide counter-fire and had nearby houses set on fire to create a smokescreen. He sent infantry across in rubber boats, appropriated the bridging tackle of the 5th Panzer Divisionsingle party bielefeld 2015, personally grabbed a light machine gun to fight off a French counterattack supported by tanks, and went into the water himself, encouraging the sappers and helping lash together the pontoons.
He was surprised to find out only his vanguard had followed his tempestuous surge. The High Command and Hitler had been extremely nervous about his disappearance, although they awarded him the Knight's Cross. Rommel's and Guderian's successes and the new possibilities offered by the new tank arm were welcomed by a small number of generals, but worried and paralysed the rest.
On 20 May, Rommel reached Arras. He ordered the 5th Panzer Division to move to the west and the 7th Panzer Division to the east, flanked by the SS Division Totenkopf.
It failed and the British withdrew. On 24 May, Generaloberst Colonel General Gerd von Rundstedt and Generaloberst Günther von Kluge issued a halt order, single party bielefeld 2015, which Hitler approved. He was the only divisional commander present at the planning session for Fall Rot Case Redthe second phase of the invasion of France, single party bielefeld 2015. By this time the Dunkirk evacuation was complete; overAllied troops had been evacuated across the Channel, though they had to leave behind all their heavy equipment and vehicles.
Rommel, resuming his advance on 5 June, drove for the River Seine to secure the bridges near Rouen. Advancing kilometres 60 mi in two days, the division reached Rouen to find it defended by single party bielefeld 2015 French tanks; after they managed to destroy a number of German tanks before being taken out; the German force enraged by this resistance forbade fire brigade access to the burning district of old Norman capital, and as a result most of the historic quarter was reduced to ashes [94] According to David FraserRommel instructed the German artillery to bombard the city as a "fire demonstration" [95] According to one witness report the smoke from burning Rouen was intense enough that it reached Paris [96] Daniel Allen Butler states that the bridges to the city were already destroyed.
Historians note that after the fall of the city both French civilians of Black African descent and colonial troops were executed on 9 June, without mentioning the unit of the perpetrators. The division advanced km mi in 24 hours, and after two days of shelling, the French garrison surrendered on 19 June. After the armistice with the French was signed on 22 June, the division was placed in reserve, being sent first to the Somme and then to Bordeaux to re-equip and prepare for Unternehmen Seelöwe Operation Sea Lionthe planned invasion of Britain.
On 6 FebruaryRommel was appointed commander of the new Afrika Korps Deutsches Afrika Korps ; DAKconsisting of the 5th Light Division later renamed 21st Panzer Division and of the 15th Panzer Division. Rommel and his troops were technically subordinate to Italian commander-in-chief General Italo Gariboldi. The British Western Desert Force had meanwhile been weakened by the transfer in mid-February of three divisions for the Battle of Greece. Benghazi fell that night as the British pulled out of the city.
Rommel was equally forceful in his response, telling Gariboldi, "One cannot permit unique opportunities to slip by for the sake of trifles. Knowing Gariboldi could not speak German, Rommel told him the message gave him complete freedom of action.
Gariboldi backed down, single party bielefeld 2015. The siege of Tobruk was not technically a siegeas the defenders were still able to move supplies and reinforcements into the city via the port, single party bielefeld 2015. Rommel requested reinforcements, but the OKW, then completing preparations for Operation Barbarossarefused. On 4 May Paulus ordered that no further attempts should be made to take Tobruk via a direct assault.
In August, Rommel was appointed commander of the newly created Panzer Army Africawith Fritz Bayerlein as his chief of staff. In addition to the Afrika Korps, Rommel's Panzer Group had the 90th Light Division and four Italian divisions, three infantry divisions investing Tobruk, and one holding Bardia. The two Italian armoured divisions, formed into the Italian XX Motorized Corps under the command of General Gastone Gambarawere under Italian control.
Kesselring was ordered to get control of the air and sea between Africa and Italy. Following his success in Battleaxe, Rommel returned his attention to the capture of Tobruk. He made preparations for a new offensive, single party bielefeld 2015, to be launched between 15 and 20 November.
It was placed under the command of Alan Cunningham. In four days of heavy fighting, the Eighth Army lost tanks and Rommel only Cunningham asked Auchinleck for permission to withdraw into Egypt, but Auchinleck refused, and soon replaced Cunningham as commander of Eighth Army with Major General Neil Ritchie. While Rommel drove into Egypt, the remaining Commonwealth forces east of Tobruk single party bielefeld 2015 the weak Axis lines there.
Unable to reach Rommel for several days, Rommel's Chief of Staff, Siegfried Westphalordered the 21st Panzer Division withdrawn to support the siege of Tobruk, single party bielefeld 2015. On 27 November the British attack on Tobruk linked up with the defenders, and Rommel, having suffered losses that could not easily be replaced, had to concentrate on regrouping the divisions that had attacked into Egypt.
By 7 December Rommel fell back to a defensive line at Gazala, just west of Tobruk, all the while under heavy attack from the Desert Air Force. On 5 January the Afrika Korps received 55 tanks and new supplies and Rommel started planning a counterattack, single party bielefeld 2015, which he launched on 21 January. The Axis forces retook Benghazi on 29 January and Timimi on 3 February, with the Allies pulling back to a defensive line just before the Tobruk area south of the coastal single party bielefeld 2015 of Gazala.
Bonner Fellersthe US diplomat in Egypt, was sending detailed reports to the US State Department using a compromised code.
Erwin Rommel - Wikipedia
Early life and career. Rommel was born on 15 November , in Heidenheim, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Southern Germany, then part of the German blogger.com was the third of five children to Erwin Rommel Senior (–) and his wife Helene von Lutz, whose father, Karl von Luz, headed the local government council Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Newsletter Issues. Published Jun Issue # On June 21, the Solstice marks the beginning of astronomical summer in the blogger.com two weeks later on July 5, the Earth is at its aphelion
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